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ENERGY DEEP DIVE · HOW NIF'S LASERS IGNITED A NEW ERA

Inertial
confinement
fusion.

Crush a pellet of fuel so fast that it fuses before it can fly apart. In December 2022 the National Ignition Facility got more energy out of the target than the lasers put in — the first controlled fusion gain in history.

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The essentials
TOPIC

How it works

192 lasers deliver megajoules to a hohlraum in nanoseconds. X-rays ablate the capsule surface, driving implosion to stellar densities.

TOPIC

What breakeven meant

Target gain, not wall-plug gain. The lasers themselves consumed far more than they delivered. Real energy balance is still ahead.

TOPIC

The path to a plant

Repetition rate is the hurdle. NIF fires a few times a day; a power plant needs several times a second, with a fresh target every shot.

192
Lasers
2022
Ignition
TARGET
Gain achieved
Hz
Rep rate needed

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Part of the Porritt Inc. energy library. Questions or corrections are welcome.

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